Lithium electrodeposition for energy storage: filling the gap between theory and experiment

Lithium (Li) metal has been considered a promising anode material for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries, but its utilization is impeded by the nonuniform electrodeposition during charging process which leads to poor cycling life and safety concerns. Thus, understanding mechanism of Li-metal great importance develop practical engineering strategies batteries. The Li controlled both thermodynamic kinetic factors, such as solvation free energy Li-ions, nucleation, surface diffusion atom, strength interaction between Li-ion electrolyte anion. scale whole from reduction growth nucleus goes sub-nanometer up few micrometers, poses an outstanding challenge experiments simulation. In this perspective, we discuss top-down, bottom-up, middle-way approaches possible synergies them.